Self-efficacy and Determinants of Self-Management Behaviors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58184/miki.v4i2.956Keywords:
self-management behavior, type 2 diabetes mellitus, self-efficacy, duration of suffering, self-motivationAbstract
Abstract
The ability of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to engage in self-care practices, including dietary control, exercise, medication adherence, and foot care, is crucial for diabetes management. This study aims to analyze self-efficacy and the determinants of self-management behaviors in patients with T2DM. A cross-sectional design was used in this study, conducted at UPT Puskesmas Martubung, Medan, from November 2025 to December 2025. The research population consists of all patients with T2DM in 2024, totaling 453 individuals. The research sample comprised 113 individuals obtained using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to research subjects, and analyzed using the Chi-Square and Logistic Regression tests. The research results show that the duration of suffering from diabetes mellitus with OR = 5.08 (95% CI: 2.247-11.518), attitude with OR = 3.11 (95% CI: 1.432-6.776), self-motivation with OR = 4.28 (95% CI: 1.917-9.588), self-efficacy with OR = 8.80 (95% CI: 3.719-20.823), and family support with OR = 3.20 (95% CI: 1.453-7.090) are related to the self-management behavior of T2DM. Furthermore, education (elementary/middle school) with OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 0.397- 2.799), secondary education (high school/vocational school) with OR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.171-1.706), and knowledge with OR = 1.20 (95% CI: 0.565-2.548) are not related to the self-management behavior of T2DM. In conclusion, low self-efficacy, with an AOR of 8.24 (95% CI: 2.811-24.150), is a substantial risk factor for self-management behavior.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Victor Trismanjaya Hulu, Cynthia Theofani Marpaung, Kristina Waty Br Manullang
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